| Year | Won | Margin | Democratic | Republican | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | R | 3,674 | 3,765 | 7,494 | |
| 2020 | D | 4,061 | 3,537 | 7,642 | |
| 2016 | D | 3,821 | 3,063 | 6,976 | |
| 2012 | D | 4,261 | 2,999 | 7,301 | |
| 2008 | D | 4,149 | 3,061 | 7,234 | |
| 2004 | D | 3,447 | 3,066 | 6,539 | |
| 2000 | D | 2,973 | 2,559 | 5,566 | |
| 1996 | D | 3,404 | 2,077 | 5,792 | |
| 1992 | D | 3,220 | 2,077 | 5,989 | |
| 1988 | R | 2,346 | 2,788 | 5,151 | |
| 1984 | R | 2,816 | 2,999 | 5,815 | |
| 1980 | D | 3,305 | 1,605 | 4,978 | |
| 1976 | D | 3,115 | 1,309 | 4,424 | |
| 1972 | R | 1,184 | 2,777 | 3,961 | |
| 1968 | D | 1,899 | 1,227 | 5,218 | |
| 1964 | R | 1,253 | 2,950 | 4,205 | |
| 1960 | D | 1,270 | 986 | 2,256 | |
| 1956 | D | 1,351 | 512 | 1,863 | |
| 1952 | D | 1,476 | 744 | 2,220 | |
| 1948 | D | 544 | 137 | 1,716 | |
| 1944 | D | 1,043 | 274 | 1,317 | |
| 1940 | D | 1,068 | 171 | 1,246 | |
| 1936 | D | 1,238 | 168 | 1,418 | |
| 1932 | D | 1,454 | 65 | 1,536 | |
| 1928 | R | 798 | 1,057 | 1,855 | |
| 1924 | D | 502 | 103 | 682 | |
| 1920 | D | 837 | 82 | 919 | |
| 1916 | D | 588 | 63 | 796 | |
| 1912 | D | 416 | 8 | 579 | |
| 1908 | D | 373 | 361 | 738 | |
| 1904 | R | 379 | 489 | 999 | |
| 1900 | D | 394 | 128 | 545 | |
| 1896 | D | 541 | 223 | 930 | |
| 1892 | D | 768 | 641 | 2,865 | |
| 1888 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1884 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1880 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1876 | — | — | — | — |
Jefferson County's R+1.2 presidential margin in 2024 makes it among the most competitive rural counties in Georgia, a reflection of its majority-Black population and the cross-cutting pressures that characterize small-town Deep South electorates.
The county's recent history is a story of close margins. The Democratic margin reached ninety points in 1932; the Republican margin reached forty points in 1964. Most other elections have been decided by single-digit points.
Jefferson County's demographics — a population of 15,341, a 41% non-Hispanic-white share, a median household income of $53,014 — situate the county close to national averages on several dimensions. The county's voting pattern over the last decade is most similar to that of Crittenden County and Terrell County.